What is Surveying and Types Of Survey ? Explain Classification of Survey In Civil Engineering ||

SURVEYING * Surveying is the art of making measurement of objects on, above or beneath the ground to show their relative positions on paper. * The earth is an oblate spheroid, the length of equatorial axis being 12,756.75 km and polar axis 12,713.80 km. * The gravitational force is always directed towards the centre of the earth and the plumb line is known as vertical line. The line perpendicular to vertical is the horizontal line. * All lines lying on the earth’s surface are curved lines and all triangles are spherical triangles. However, the length of an arc of 1.2 km on earth’s mean surface is only 1 mm more than the straight line connecting those two points. * If the area to be surveyed is small, the curvature of earth may be neglected and all plumb lines treated as the parallel to each other. All triangles in survey are treated as plane triangles. * The survey in which earth’s curvature is considered is called Geodetic Surveying and the survey in which earth’s curvature is neglect...